The issue of combating poverty and social exclusion in Turkey came to light particularly with the bleak scenes of suffering that surfaced after the 2001 economic crisis. Resumption of economic growth after 2003, however, did not lead to a decline of unemployment and alleviation of poverty. Instead, it became apparent that fighting unemployment and poverty had to adopt new methods, taking into account the effects of globalization where the service sector is replacing the industrial sector and where employment becomes subject to the requirements of flexible production.